MANAGEMENT OF IMPULSE CONDUCTION
Written by Dr.ChrisMANAGEMENT OF IMPULSE CONDUCTION: The gravity of heart block is related not only to its exact type but also to the rapidity with which it develops. It is us.t.ffe acute (exemplified by heart blocks following AMI) which present as medical emergencies. In such cases the prognosis also depends upon the extent and location […]
Tags: Hydrocortisone, oedema, vasoconstriction
Posted in Health | No Comments »
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
Written by Dr.ChrisCARDIOGENIC SHOCK: Etiology:Cardiogenic shock is one of the most dreaded cardiovascular emergencies, carrying a mortality of 50-80 -percent. It is most frequently the result of acute myocardial infarction but may also occur in cases of massive pulmonary embolism, acute cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax and in severe left heart failure. The description that follows refers primarily […]
Tags: bradyarrhythmias, Cardiogenic Shock, hypovolaemia, oedema, pulmonary embolism, tachy
Posted in Health | No Comments »
Thrombotic Stroke
Written by Dr.ChrisThrombotic Stroke: This usually results from occlusion in either a large cerebral artery (e.g., middle cerebral) or in small penetrating vessels arising from the anterior, middle or posterior cerebral arteries or basilar artery. In the latter event, lacunar infarcts varying in size from 0.5-10 mm may occur in the region of putamen, thalamus, internal capsule […]
Tags: consciousness, distress syndrome, headache, hiccup, hypoxaemia, oedema, pulmonary oedema, pupillary abnormalities, vomiting
Posted in Health | No Comments »
INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE: MANAGEMENT
Written by Dr.ChrisMANAGEMENT: INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE: Experience with CT scan during the past decade has shown that cases of intracerebral haemorrhage do not have a uniformly poor prognosis (as thought earlier). The prognosis is relatively good if the intracerebral bleed is located in the subcortical white matter, intermediate in supratentorial haematomas, and almost uniformly grave in infratentorial pontine […]
Tags: haematoma, Hypertension, oedema, supratentorial haematomas
Posted in Health | No Comments »
Measures to Reduce Cerebral Oedema
Written by Dr.ChrisMeasures to Reduce Cerebral Oedema: A certain degree of cerebral oedema is invariably present and therefore, decongestive measures are urgently indicated in all such cases. Of the various drugs available for this purpose (see section on “Thrombotic Stroke”), furosemide is the most useful since it will also help in controlling the blood pressure. Corticosteroids are […]
Tags: distress syndrome, hypoxaemia, oedema, pulmonary oedema
Posted in Health | No Comments »
HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY
Written by Dr.ChrisHYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY: Mechanism:This is an acute cerebrovascular syndrome associtated with sudden and marked increase in blood pressure (Hypertensive Crisis). The exact level at which encephalopathy may develop depends to a great extent upon the previous blood pressure levels. In chronically hypertensive patients, because of structural thickening of the arterioles (as an adaptive mechanism) encephalopathy occurs […]
Tags: acute glomerulonephritis, ECLAMPSIA, encephalopathy, oedema
Posted in Health | No Comments »
ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME: GENERAL MEASURES
Written by Dr.ChrisADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME: GENERAL MEASURES: Throughout the course of the disease which may stretch over 4-8 weeks certain general measures should be instituted to help recovery. For this purpose, a five point protocol has been defined as follows:
(1) Exercise—respiratory and whole body; (2) Nutrition—attain anabolism by adequate caloric intake; (3) Fluid administration—maintain optimally dry […]
Tags: distress syndrome, hypoxaemia, oedema, pulmonary oedema
Posted in Health | No Comments »
MANAGEMENT: ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Written by Dr.ChrisMANAGEMENT: ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME: ARDS should be constantly kept in mind whenever dealing with any of the precipitating factors mentioned above, since delay in diagnosis may mean all the difference between life and death. Once the disease is genuinely suspected the patient should be referred, at the earliest, to a hospital with an intensive […]
Tags: arachidonic acid metabolites, fibrin, lysosomal enzymes, oedema
Posted in Health | No Comments »
Clinical Features:Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Written by Dr.ChrisClinical Features: From the foregoing account it will be clear that ARDS is a serious complication which can develop during the course of a number of clinical disorders. Unexplained tachycardia, laboured breathing or appearance of cyanosis in such cases should warrant a closer scrutiny. Clinically, the course of ARDS progresses through four stages.
Stage I. Following […]
Tags: distress syndrome, hypoxaemia, oedema, pulmonary oedema
Posted in Health | No Comments »
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Written by Dr.ChrisPATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME: The increase in extravascular pulmonary fluid and collapse of lung units results in a number of functional abnormalities: (a) progressive hypoxaemia due initially to ventilation-perfusion imbalance and later to shunt hypoxaemia because of blood traversing without oxygenation through capillaries in areas of lung collapse; (b) progressive decrease in functional […]
Tags: distress syndrome, hypoxaemia, oedema, pulmonary oedema
Posted in Health | No Comments »
PATHOGENESIS:ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Written by Dr.ChrisADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME:Pathogenesis: As already stated ARDS is not a disease by itself but a serious disorder which may develop in a variety of acute medical/surgical conditions. Diffuse lung injury with varying degree of damage to the capillary endothelium and alveolar cells occurs in all such cases. However, a common, denominator responsible for the […]
Tags: arachidonic acid metabolites, fibrin, lysosomal enzymes, oedema
Posted in Health | No Comments »
ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Written by Dr.ChrisADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME: Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be defined as an acute respiratory disorder of diverse etiologies which result in damage to alveolar capillary membrane (without any preexisting lung disease). The syndrome is associated with increased extravascular fluid in the lungs (non-cardiac pulmonary oedema), and is characterized by severe arterial hypoxaemia. It […]
Tags: distress syndrome, hypoxaemia, oedema, pulmonary oedema
Posted in Health | No Comments »
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
Written by Dr.ChrisCLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE: Clostridium difficile is recently accepted widely as the most important cause of severe antibiotic associated diarrhoea. Cross contamination is the most likely explanation for spread of this organism in hospitalized infants. The organism may possibly spread among adults who are at risk of developing antibiotic associated diarrhoea or colitis. Susceptible individual when exposed […]
Tags: antepartum, bilirubin, cordblood, jaundice, oedema, pericardial effusions, peritoneal, Pleural
Posted in Health | No Comments »
Clinical features: Hemolytic Disease
Written by Dr.ChrisClinical features: The infant’s liver does not have adequate enzyme systems to conjugate the bilirubin load. Most unconjugated bilirubin is cleared by the placenta and conjugated by the maternal liver. The more immature the fetus, the more immature is the enzyme system. Owing to the relatively short life span of the fetal erythrocytes (less […]
Tags: antepartum, bilirubin, cordblood, jaundice, oedema, pericardial effusions, peritoneal, Pleural
Posted in Health | No Comments »
STD: Chancroid
Written by Dr.ChrisChancroid (Soft sore) is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a Grain negative bacillus called Humor-ill-Ilus Duereyi. One to five days after sexual exposure the patient develops multiple, painful, shallow, soft (non indurated) ulcers on the genitalia. The edge of the ulcer will be undermined. In male the commonest site involved is the prepuce, at […]
Tags: oedema, STD, Ulcer, VDRL
Posted in Health | No Comments »