PULMONARY EMBOLISM AND INFARCTION
Written by Dr.ChrisPULMONARY EMBOLISM AND INFARCTION: Pulmonary embolism is not a primary disease but a serious complication that may occur during the course of another illness. Ii implies impaction in the pulmonary vessels of blood clot (detached from elsewhere in the systemic veins or right side of the heart) or, less frequently, some foreign material like air, […]
Tags: Diarrhoea, high fever, obesity, old age, Pregnancy, vomiting
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Prophylaxis: Tetanus
Written by Dr.ChrisProphylaxis: It is a preventable disease. Immunity to tetanus may result from infection or by immunization.
Active immunization: Usually two injections 1 ml each of tetanus toxoid is given intramuscularly at the interval of 6 weeks. Third injection is given after 6 to 12 months. A full course of immunization confers immunity for 10 years. Toxin […]
Tags: Antibiotic, chlorpromazine, Delivery, ECLAMPSIA, Gonorrhoea, Gynacology, Infection, OBSTETRICS, paraldehyde, Pregnancy, Pubis, Tetanus, Uterus
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Clinical Types of Tetanus
Written by Dr.ChrisClinical Types of Tetanus:
(1) Tetanus neonatorum: It occurs from contamination of cut surface of umblical cord in infants. It has high rate of fatality.
(2) Post abortal and puerperal tetanus: It results from infection of genital tract with unsterile instrument and dressing. Puerperal tetanus is rare but most dangerous.
(3) Splanchnic tetanus: There is involvement of muscle of deglutition and […]
Tags: Antibiotic, chlorpromazine, Delivery, ECLAMPSIA, Gonorrhoea, Gynacology, Infection, OBSTETRICS, paraldehyde, Pregnancy, Pubis, Tetanus, Uterus
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Tetanus
Written by Dr.ChrisTetanus: Tetanus results from contamination of wound by Clostridium tetani. The spores are found in soil. Germination and multiplication occurs if certain factors like necrotic tissue, ionisable calcium salts and lactic acid are present. Infection of wound with pyogenic organisms increases the risk of tetanus. Toxin is probably absorbed from the area of infection and […]
Tags: Antibiotic, chlorpromazine, Delivery, ECLAMPSIA, Gonorrhoea, Gynacology, Infection, OBSTETRICS, paraldehyde, Pregnancy, Pubis, Tetanus, Uterus
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Cultivation of Viruses
Written by Dr.ChrisCultivation of Viruses:Since they are obligate intracellular parasites and can not grow on inanimate culture medium, 3 methods are used for their cultivation:
(a) Animals inoculation.
(b) Chick embryo.
(c) Tissue culture.
(a) Animal inoculation: It is one of the oldest methods for the cultivation of viruses. The poliomyelitis virus after intraspinal or intra-cerebral inoculation in monkeys causes typical paralytic disease […]
Tags: abnormalities, chorionic gonadotrophin, diabetes, GONADOTROPHIN, Pregnancy, Rh iso-immunisation, toxemia of pregnancy
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ANAEROBIC STREPTOCOCCUS
Written by Dr.ChrisANAEROBIC STREPTOCOCCUS: Peptostreptococcus putridus: The natural habitat of anaerobic streptococci is female genital tract. The culture on blood agar medium when incubated anaerobically in Mc Intosh Fildes jar for 48 hours. Shows the colony as 2 to 4 mm, circular, raised and transluscent. There is no hemolysis.
It ferments glucose, maltose, fructose with abundant gas production. […]
Tags: Antibiotic, Delivery, Diarrhoea, ECLAMPSIA, gastro-enteritis, Gonorrhoea, Gynacology, Infection, Meningitis, OBSTETRICS, Pregnancy, Pubis, Uterus
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Exchange transfusion: Erythroblastosis
Written by Dr.ChrisExchange transfusion:Fresh 0 negative blood is transfused, and packed cells are preferred. The object is to minimise anemia as the cells are being destroyed. For those infants who are not overtly anemic, exchange transfusion is determined by the rate of increase in bilirubin concentration. Additional exchange transfusion is indicated when unconjugated bilirubin exceeds 20 mg […]
Tags: Antibiotic, Delivery, ECLAMPSIA, erythroblastosis, Gonorrhoea, Gynacology, hyperbilirubinemia, Infection, OBSTETRICS, Phenobarbitone, Pregnancy, Pubis, Uterus
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ABO Incompatibility
Written by Dr.ChrisABO incompatibility: Hemolysis due to ABO incompatibility may be associated with the following features:
1. The mother is blood group 0 with anti-A and anti-B in her serum while the fetus is group A, B or AB.
2. There is onset of jaundice within 24 hours.
3. There are anemia, reticulocytosis and erythroblastosis.
4. There are no other causes of hemolysis.
The incompatibility develops […]
Tags: Anemia, Antibiotic, Delivery, ECLAMPSIA, Gonorrhoea, Gynacology, Hemolysis, Infection, OBSTETRICS, Pregnancy, Pubis, reticulocytosis and erythroblastosis, Uterus
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Tetanus Neonatorum
Written by Dr.ChrisTetanus neonatorum: This should be a very rare disease, but it is still not infrequent in tropical countries. It is almost always due to infection of the stump of the umbilical cord by the tetanus bacillus. The signs are those usually present in case of tetanus in the adult spasmodic rigidity of the muscles of […]
Tags: Antibiotic, chlorpromazine, Delivery, ECLAMPSIA, Gonorrhoea, Gynacology, Infection, OBSTETRICS, paraldehyde, Pregnancy, Pubis, Tetanus, Uterus
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Infections in the Newborn
Written by Dr.ChrisInfections in the newborn: The fetus in utero is bacteriologically sterile unless the amnotic sac has become infected or organisms have passed through the placenta. Such an infection occurs in labour prolonged for over 24-48 hours after rupture of membranes or where repeated vaginal examinations have been made with scant precautions.
The onset of infection in […]
Tags: Antibiotic, Delivery, Diarrhoea, ECLAMPSIA, gastro-enteritis, Gonorrhoea, Gynacology, Infection, Meningitis, OBSTETRICS, Pregnancy, Pubis, Uterus
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Labour Complicated by Double Monsters
Written by Dr.ChrisLabour complicated by double monsters: Of the many varieties of double monsters, the dicephalic thoracopagi gives rise to the greatest difficulty in labour. The diagnosis is not gener¬ally made antenataily unless an X-ray has been taken. More often such cases are mistaken for twins, and it is only when the woman is actually in labour […]
Tags: Antibiotic, Delivery, ECLAMPSIA, Gonorrhoea, Gynaecology, Infection, OBSTETRICS, Pregnancy, Pubis, Uterus
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Hemorrhagic Disease
Written by Dr.ChrisHemorrhagic disease: During the first few days after birth, prothrombin deficiency is common in most babies. It sometimes causes spontaneous hemorrhage. The common sites of bleeding are the umbilical cord stump, scalp, brain, bowel and peritoneal cavity. Thus the baby may exhibit signs of melena, hematemesis, bruising or evidence of fluid in the chest or […]
Tags: Antibiotic, Delivery, ECLAMPSIA, Gonorrhoea, Gynacology, hemolytic jaundice, Infection, OBSTETRICS, Pregnancy, prothrombin, Pubis, Uterus
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Hydrocephalus: Congenital Malformations
Written by Dr.ChrisHydrocephalus: This is a condition where the ventricles of the brain are distended with an excessive amount of cerebro-spinal fluid Various degrees of hydrocephalus may be met with, and in some cases the hydrocephalic head may fill the greater part of the uterine cavity. The fetus may present either by the cephalic or the podalic […]
Tags: Antibiotic, cerebro-spinal fluid, Delivery, ECLAMPSIA, Gonorrhoea, Gynacology, hydrocephalic head, Infection, podalic pole, Pregnancy, Pubis, Uterus
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External Cephalic Version: Pregnancy
Written by Dr.ChrisExternal cephalic version: The object of this procedure is to substitute a vertex for a less favourable presentation.
Indication: The common indication for external cephalic version is a breech or shoulder presentation diagnosed in the last weeks of pregnancy. Before resorting to this procedure it is necessary to make sure that 1) the abdominal waIl is […]
Tags: antepartuni hemorrhage, Antibiotic, breech, Delivery, ECLAMPSIA, Gonorrhoea, Infection, malpresentations, PRE-ECLAMPSIA, Pregnancy, Pubis, Uterus
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VACUUM EXTRACTOR: Forceps
Written by Dr.ChrisTHE VACUUM EXTRACTOR (VENTOUSE): The vacuum extractor like the obstetric forceps is a method of getting hold of the fetal head while it is still in the birth canal. The obstetric forceps applied round the head gives force theoretically to the base of the skull, the extractor grips the scalp and it is almost true […]
Tags: Antibiotic, Delivery, ECLAMPSIA, Gonorrhoea, hypotonic uterus, Infection, Pregnancy, Pubis, Uterus, VENTOUSE
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